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The Government of Canada’s key commitments as set out in Part VII of the Act are the basis of this report on the status of OLMCs. Although the vitality of OLMCs and the promotion of English and French continue to be paramount, the Act now also refers to the economic benefits of bilingualism and the importance of giving everyone in Canada the opportunity to learn a second official language. This report also includes an examination of the problems being experienced by the English-speaking communities of Quebec, whether in terms of the recognition of their rights, their perceived legitimacy as OLMCs, or their growing socio-economic vulnerability. As recent events have shown, the unique position of Quebec’s English-speaking communities within Canada’s linguistic landscape comes with its own set of challenges.